Mushroom farm visit

Rivers summary

Hi guys,

For the topic on Rivers, it will be tested in EOY. Please note on the following:

1) Hydrological/Water cycle
- Understand the different processes in the cycle and how they are different from each other

2) Drainage basin
- Able to label the different parts of the watershed

3) River features
- Be able to draw and label the diagrams
- Explain each of the diagram that is drawn

4) Impacts
- Describe and elaborate on the Positive and Negative impacts

All the best for the exams =)

Q&A

20 Aug 13, 09:17 PM Rachel: Miss Seetoh, Is it a must to know what the 6's thermometer is made off? Miss ST: You need to know that Mercury is inside the thermometer. Think about why MERCURY is being used in a thermometer????

20 Aug 13, 08:45 PM Shao yang: Good evening Ms seetoh,may i know what are sediments Miss ST: Sediments are broken pieces of rocks eg fragments, soil or even sand. There comes in different SIZES, and are usually carried by the river.

20 Aug 13, 08:17 PM Jeremy lee: Miss seetoh is tomorrow's quiz an open book one? Miss ST: Nope. Please study for it. Its on weather and climate. Take it as a revision for CA4 next mon.

20 Aug 13, 07:50 PM Weng Chuin: teacher what is riverbed? Miss ST: It is the bottom of the river.

20 Aug 13, 07:49 PM Weng Chuin: teacher what is river bank? Miss ST: River bank refers to the elevated SIDES of the river, which helps to prevent the river water from flowing into the surrounding area.

20 Aug 13, 07:48 PM Weng Chuin: Miss See Toh,for floodplain & levee what the answer mean by deposition and also what the answer mean by coarser & heavier sediments are deposited nearer to the river bank. Miss ST: When the river flows, it carries rocks and other sediments with it. When the river water carried a load that is too heavy, it starts to deposit the rocks, pebbles and sand in the river. This is known as DEPOSITION. Those rocks that are heavier will be 'dropped' nearer to the river banks (edge/side of the river). Those sand and smaller pebbles that are lighter may be carried further away by the river water and depositied further away.

20 Aug 13, 06:19 PM Ronn: Hi Miss See Toh, i know this may look like a spam but i feel this video is good.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uiv6tKtoKg Miss ST: Interesting =) Thanks for the share.

20 Aug 13, 11:08 AM eunice: *country

20 Aug 13, 11:08 AM eunice: i still don't understannd how do you know which ciountry is high pop and low pop? Miss ST: Countries that are developing  eg India/Africa usually has HIGH Population because of HIGH BR. Countries that are developed eg Singapore have LOW population as we have LOW BR.

20 Aug 13, 10:56 AM tiffany: For Drainage basin , so you mean that o n the confluence comes from many different river? Miss ST: The confluence is the main river, it can be connected by many small river streams, called tributaries.

20 Aug 13, 10:52 AM Zubir: Teacher what are the factors responsible for the Ageing populations in Singapore and Japan ? Miss ST: Educated woman tends to focus on work and marry later, high living standards makes it costly to have more children etc.. please check earlier slides for answers.

19 Aug 13, 10:01 PM whitney: cher, for the hurricane what do you mean by self-sustaining storm system? Miss ST: Self sustaining means it continues on its own without needing any external influence. So a hurriance on its own has enough elements to create a storm eg strong winds, high energy, thus the hurricane continues without need of external factors.

19 Aug 13, 09:34 PM whitney: for Impacts of climate on people, on slide 16 there is heat waves, what is heat waves? Is it just hot wind??(tks) Miss ST: It is a long period of hot weather and it tends to be very HUMID.

19 Aug 13, 08:45 PM whitney: what is precipitation? Miss ST: RAIN

19 Aug 13, 08:44 PM whitney: Cher the Temperate climate have large temperature range, does that mean the daily temperature can be very wide? like morning 29C then at night 14C? Miss ST: YES. Day and night temperature can be very different.

19 Aug 13, 08:40 PM whitney: why tropical climate does not have four seasons? Is it because, it is in the middle, so there is no four season? (Tks) Miss ST: It is because our temperature does not change that much throughout the year. Due to the fact that we are near the equator and receive similar amount of sunlight throughout the year.

19 Aug 13, 08:04 PM

Rivers 2 - Waterfall, floodplain and levees diagram

Please label diagrams clearly. Draw in pencil!

River 2 waterfall plungepools floodplain n levees from estee seetoh

Water Cycle 3D Animation

Q&A from 206

1) Hidayah/ Danial/Tiffany/Haikal/Eunice/Cynthia: What does the drainage basin do?  How does it works? 

Miss ST: A drainage basin is an area land where water from rain / snow flows and joins into another waterbody, such as a river or the sea. It shows how water moves from the ocean, into the air, converted into clouds, falls as rains and flows in the ground. 

2) XinYi/Xuan Qi: Why is there a water cycle? Why do we need the river system?

Miss ST: The water cycle is a natural process that occurs on earth. It is the flow of water in our environment in liquid/solid to gaseous form. We need the river system as it helps to purify and replenish our supply of water.

3) Xuan Qi/XinRui: How important is it? Does it help us? Why do we need a river system?

Miss ST: Water in the rivers helps to transport nutrients and sediments, which is important in farming. This will benefit and help us. Water from the rain will also replenish the supply of water in the rivers and reservoirs, this provides our source of water for drinking.

4) Chun Kit: How does the hydrological cycle work? 
Miss ST: Hope this animation explains the cycle clearer to you.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdQdP6eZTUs

5) Tiffany: Why do the drainage basin look like a tree?

Miss ST: The smaller branches are actually small streams of rivers from the top of the mountains flowing downwards, we call it tributaries. Eventually it connects to the confluence, which is the main river channel, and joins up. As it flows down towards the river mouth, it joins into the sea.

6) Tiffany/Zhi Wei/XinRui/Rachel/Whitney/Rios: What is the difference between condensation and precipitation? Does it have the same meaning? What is precipitation?
 Condensation process
 Precipitation
Miss ST: Condensation is the process whereby water is changed from gas to liquid state. This is a PROCESS that is happening. Precipitation is referring to the RAIN.  Precipitation is not the same as condensation.

7) Zhiwei/Rachel: What is transpiration?

Miss ST: Transpiration is the evaporation of water into the atmosphere from the leaves and stems of plants. 

8) Rachel/Clester: What is surface run off?

Miss ST: Surface runoff is water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, that flows over the land surface. It usually occurs when the water does not flow into the soil.

9) Shao Yang/Xin Yee/ Xuan Qi: What is the difference between Infiltration and Percolation?


Miss ST: Good Question! Infiltration is the movement of water from the ground surface into the ground layers.. Percolation of water is the movement of water down through the soil until it reaches the water table. Percolation happens at a DEEPER layer underground whereas Infiltration is at the layer nearer to the ground surface.

10) Eunice: What does the streams in a drainage basin do?

Miss ST: The streams are called tributaries and they help to collect water from the rain and snow. The water in the streams then flows into the main river, which may link to the sea, or lake.

River 1 hydro cycle and river system from estee seetoh

Q&A from 207 on Rivers Hydrological cycle and Drainage system/basin

Hi Class, these are the answers to your questions:

Q1) Linus/Darren Heng/Jiaqi/Sheryl/Wei Teng/Jun Hao/Bastian: What is the hydrological cycle and why does it happen? How does the process helps Nature?


Miss ST: The hydrological cycle( H₂O cycle) is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Water moves from reservoirs, rivers, oceans and to the atmosphere.

The water cycle purifies water, replenishes the land with freshwater, and transports minerals to different parts of the globe. It is also shapes the geological features of the Earth, through  erosion and sedimentation. Finally, the water cycle figures significantly in the maintenance of life and ecosystems.

Q2) Siang Yih: How does the river works and how does people collect a big amount of rain?

Miss ST: Refer to the top answer on hydrological cycle. Rain is collected in the water catchment area such as reservoirs. 

Q3) Darren Tan: What are the four main parts of the water cycle?

Miss ST: The main parts of the water cycle are the processes of evaporation, condensation, infiltration and runoff. In doing so, the water goes through different stages: liquid, solid (ice), and gas (vapor).

Q4) Aloysius/Matthew: What is Evapotranspiration?
Miss ST: It refers to all the Evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land surface to atmosphere. Evaporation is the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and waterbodies. Transpiration is the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through leaves.

Q5) Nur Qa'riah: How many percentage of the world is made of river?

Miss ST: Please refer to the distribution of Earth's water below.

Q6) Jun Jie/Cherlyn/Natalie/Audrey: What is a river? How is a river form? Why is there a river?

Miss ST:A river is a natural watercourse that flows towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. Sometimes a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely at the end of its course, and does not reach another body of water.

Rivers are part of the hydrological cycle and forms from Water collected in precipitation and the release of stored water in natural ice and snowpacks (e.g. from glaciers).

Q6a) Jeremy/Sheena/Simon: What is percolation?

Miss ST: It is the slow movement of water through the soil and rocks.

Q7) Nisha/Sheena: Is there a difference between ground waterflow and infiltration?

Miss ST: Ground waterflow refers to the part of streamflow that has infiltrated the ground. Infiltration is the process in which the water on the ground surface enters the soil.

Q8) Liyi: How is the river connected to the sea?

Miss ST: The lower course of the river flows towards the sea, and is connected at the RIVER MOUTH.

Q9) Jeremy: What is the difference between the source and the mouth?

Miss ST: The source of the river is where it starts, and is at the UPPER course of the river. The mouth of the river is where it ends, and is at the LOWER course of the river.

Q10) Gigi: What is confluence? 

Miss ST: a confluence is the meeting of two or more bodies of water. It refers either to the point where a tributary joins a larger river, called the main stem, or where two streams meet to become the source of a river.

  

Q11) Kieran: What is sediment?

Miss ST: Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion. It refers to sand, rocks, and other particles found in the river.

Q12) Zachary/Jonas/Benjamin/Sherwin/Andrea/Simon: What is a drainage basin and what is it for? Is it important?

Miss ST: This is an Example of a drainage basin. The dashed line is the main water divide of the river basin. It is an area of land where surface water from rain/snow converges(connects) to the end of the river. It is a water catchment area and is part of the hydrological cycle. Yes it is important as part of the water cycle. You have to know how to label it and its different components.

Q13) Kelly:  What is airborne?

Miss ST: It depends on how you are using the word. In Geography, it refers to something that is Carried by or through the air. eg Airborne particles are carried in the air.

Q14: Anoymous: What is a Delta?

Miss ST: You will learn about this in the next two lessons.

Rivers part 3 - Delta, meanders, positive and negative impacts

Important - to know the positive and negative impacts of how rivers affect us.

River 3 delta meander impacts from estee seetoh

NASA: The Water Cycle [720p]

Difference between hurricane and tornado

Hurricanes:

A hurricane (also known as a cyclone or typhoon) is a very large,swirling storm with strong winds and heavy rains

• Form only over warm ocean water.
• Last for days and sometimes well over a week.
• Produce rain and flooding in addition to powerful winds.
• Are independent, self-sustaining storm systems.
• Have winds ranging from 74 to about 200 mph

Tornadoes

A tornado is a swirling column of wind that moves across the ground in a relatively narrow path, and it extends from a cloud to the ground

• Usually form over land
• Usually last minutes, rarely a few hours
• Cause damage via wind and debris
• Are dependent on a large storm to develop and keep going
• Have winds ranging from 65 to about 300 mph

Annoucements

21st Aug Wednesday - There will be a relief teacher for both 206 and 207 as i am on course. You will be given a class quiz on weather and climate. CLOSED book quiz. 26 Aug Mon - Both 206 and 207 will have their Class Test(CA4). The topic is on weather and climate. -Describe the differences between Weather and Climate. -Different Weather Elements -Temperature, Rainfall and Wind Understand why and how the weather instruments are used. -Major Climates of the World : Tropical, Temperate and Polar -Climograph : Compare and contrast the different climates using the data provided. -Impact of Weather and Climate on people: How does weather and climate affect people positively and negatively.

Rivers vids

Delta Waterfall Floodplain

Questions and Answers

whitney: Cher, I would like to check, abt how many Six's thermometer are suppose to have in a stevenson Screen? 5 Aug 13, 08:34 PM whitney: plus the metal indices 5 Aug 13, 08:32 PM whitney: cher, the slide 7, how does the thermometer work, with mercury and alcohol(as in how does it work)??

MISS ST: There is no fixed number of thermometers to be placed inside. It depends on how big the screen is, and how many you want to put inside. The mercury-in-glass thermometer consists of a bulb containing mercury attached to a glass tube. The volume of mercury in the tube is much less than the volume in the bulb. The volume of mercury changes slightly with temperature; the small change in volume drives the narrow mercury column up the tube.

5 Aug 13, 08:16 PM whitney: Cher, what is the meaning of atmosphere?
MISS ST: Atmoshpere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth eg Oxygen.

How wind is formed

http://youtu.be/7OZPYghKCyc